Asthma

Panel A The quantification results of serum IgG1, total IgE, OVA-specific IgG, and OVA-specific IgE in BALB/c mice at endpoint. Dexamethasone treatment significantly inhibited serum IgG1, total IgE, OVA-specific IgG, and OVA-specific IgE levels compared to OVA modeling group.

Panel B The quantification results of cytokines in lung homogenate samples by CBA anlaysis at endpoint. Dexamethasone treatment significantly inhibited lung IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-1β levels compared to OVA group.

Panel C Immunophenotyping of BALF samples by flow cytometry at endpoint. Increased total immune cells (mCD45+), T cells (mCD3+), B cells (mCD19+), eosinophils, macrophages, monocytes were found in OVA modeling group compared to healthy control. Dexamethasone treatment significantly decreased the immune cells of BALF compared to OVA modeling group.

Statistical analysis was performed using one‑way ANOVA, and all data presented as mean ± SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001，****p<0.0001

Panel A The quantification results of serum human IL-4, mouse IgE, HDM-specific IgG1 in B6-hIL4/hIL4Rα mice at endpoint. Dupilumab treatment significantly inhibited human IL-4, mouse IgE, HDM-specific IgG1 levels compared to HDM modeling group.

Panel B The quantification results of lung IL-5, IL-33, CCL11, and CCL17 in B6-hIL4/hIL4Rα mice. Dupilumab treatment significantly ameliorated lung IL-5, IL-33, CCL11, and CCL17 levels compared to HDM modeling group.

Panel C Immunophenotyping of lung samples by flow cytometry. Increased number of eosinophils, nuetrophils, monocytes, and mST2+ cells were found in HDM modeling group compared to healthy control. Dupilumab treatment significantly decreased the immune cells of lung compared to HDM modeling group.

Panel D The representative images from H&E staining results. Note: Bronchial Epithelial Hyperplasia (Green arrow); Alveolar Wall Thickening (Blue arrow); Single-Nucleated cell (Red arrow); Neutrophil (Black arrow). First row: Bar=200 μm; Second row: Bar=50 μm.

Panel E Dupilumab treatment significantly decreased the histology score of lung compared to HDM modeling group in B6-hIL4/hIL4Rα mice.

Statistical analysis was performed using one‑way ANOVA, and all data presented as mean ± SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001，****p<0.0001

Panel A The quantification results of serum IgE, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALB/c mice. Anti-mouse IL-4RA antibody treatment significantly ameliorated serum IgE level, while Anti-mouse IL-33 antibody treatment significantly inhibited serum IL-5, and IL-13 levels compared to Alternaria alternata modeling group.

Panel B Immunophenotyping of lung samples by flow cytometry. Increased counts of total immune cells (mCD45+), eosinophils, neutrophils, and myeloid cells (mCD11b+) were found in Alternaria alternata modeling group compared to healthy control. Anti-mouse IL-4RA antibody and anti-mouse IL-33 antibody treatment failed to inhibit total immune cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and myeloid cells of lung compared to Alternaria alternata modeling group.

Panel C The representative images from H&E staining results. Note: Bronchial Epithelial Hyperplasia (Green arrow); Alveolar Wall Thickening (Blue arrow); Single-Nucleated cell (Red arrow); Neutrophil (Black arrow). First row: Bar=200 μm; Second row: Bar=50 μm.

Panel D Anti-mouse IL-4RA antibody and anti-mouse IL-33 antibody treatment significantly decreased the histology score of lung compared to Alternaria alternata modeling group.

Statistical analysis was performed using one‑way ANOVA, and all data presented as mean ± SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001，****p<0.0001

Panel A The quantification results of serum IgE, IL4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALB/c mice. Anti-mouse IL-4RA antibody treatment significantly ameliorated serum IgE level and serum IL-5 levels compared to OVA + Chitin modeling group. IL-33 antibody treatment could reduce IL13 level.

Panel B Immunophenotyping of lung samples by flow cytometry. Increased counts of total immune cells (mCD45+), eosinophils, neutrophils, myeloid cells (mCD11b+), T cells, and B cells were found in OVA + Chitin modeling group compared to healthy control. Anti-mouse IL-4RA antibody treatment significantly decreased total immune cells, eosinophils, myeloid cells, T cells, and B cells of lung compared to OVA + Chitin modeling group. Anti-mouse IL-33 antibody treatment significantly decreased total immune cells, eosinophils, myeloid cells, T cells, and B cells of lung compared to OVA + Chitin modeling group.

Panel C The representative images from H&E staining results. Note: Bronchial Epithelial Hyperplasia (Green arrow); Alveolar Wall Thickening (Blue arrow); Single-Nucleated cell (Red arrow); Neutrophil (Black arrow). First row: Bar=200 μm; Second row: Bar=50 μm.

Panel D Anti-mouse IL-4RA antibody and anti-mouse IL-33 antibody treatment significantly decreased the histology score of lung compared to OVA + Chitin modeling group. Anti-mouse IL-4RA antibody treatment significantly ameliorated the airway wall thickness compared to OVA+Chitin modeling group.

Statistical analysis was performed using one‑way ANOVA, and all data presented as mean ± SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001，****p<0.0001

Panel A The quantification results of serum IgE in BALB/c mice. Anti-mouse IL-4RA antibody treatment significantly ameliorated serum IgE level compared to HDM + LPS modeling group.

Panel B Immunophenotyping of lung samples by flow cytometry. Increased counts of total immune cells (mCD45+), eosinophils, neutrophils, myeloid cells (mCD11b+), T cells, and B cells were found in HDM + LPS modeling group compared to healthy control. Anti-mouse IL-4RA antibody and anti-mouse IL-33 antibody treatment failed to inhibit total immune cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, myeloid cells, T cells, and B cells of BALF compared to HDM + LPS modeling group.

Panel C The representative images from H&E staining results. Note: Bronchial Epithelial Hyperplasia (Green arrow); Alveolar Wall Thickening (Blue arrow); Macrophage (Red arrow); Neutrophil (Black arrow); Lymphocyte (Brown arrow). First row: Bar=200 μm; Second row: Bar=50 μm.

Panel D Anti-mouse IL-4RA antibody treatment significantly decreased the histology score of lung and airway wall thickness compared to HDM + LPS modeling group.

Statistical analysis was performed using one‑way ANOVA, and all data presented as mean ± SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001，****p<0.0001