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What is a systemic knockout model (KO)? What is a conditional knockout model (CKO)?
Traditional Knockout (Traditional KO or Conventional KO) uses CRISPR-Cas9 or homologous recombination technology to introduce frameshift mutations or fragment deletions in the target gene on the genome, resulting in the loss of gene function in all tissues and cells throughout the body. After systemic knockout of genes with important functions, it may not be possible to breed homozygotes, and the method of Conditional Knockout (CKO) can be used instead. Conditional Knockout (CKO) involves introducing a loxP site on each side of the critical exon of a gene to construct a flox mouse model. After mating this model with Tool mice that express Cre recombinase systemically or in a tissue-specific manner, specific gene knockout can be achieved in the tissues and cells where Cre enzyme is expressed; it can also be mated with an inducible CreER mouse model, and gene knockout can be achieved at specific stages of growth and development through Tamoxifen induction.
How are TG mice bred?
Key points for breeding TG mice: Each founder should be bred separately to establish a line, and multiple lines should be used to mutually verify phenotypic conditions. It is recommended to use positive mice mated with background mice for breeding and conservation.
The roles of WPRE and poly(A) elements
WPRE (Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element) is a post-transcriptional regulatory element derived from the woodchuck hepatitis virus. Placed upstream of the gene of interest (GOI), it enhances the expression of the target gene. The poly(A) tail is a sequence present at the 3’ end of all eukaryotic mRNAs, which functions to stabilize the mRNA.
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